U.S. Code Provision, Name, Explanation ; 18 U.S.C. § 241, Conspiracy Against Rights, Section 241 makes it unlawful for two or more persons to agree to injure, threaten, or intimidate a person in the United States in the free exercise or enjoyment of any right or privilege secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States or because of his or her having exercised such a right. ; 18 U.S.C. § 242, Deprivation of Rights Under Color of Law, This provision makes it a crime for someone acting under color of law to willfully deprive a person of a right or privilege protected by the Constitution or laws of the United States. It is ; 18 U.S.C. § 250, Penalties for Civil Rights Offenses Involving Sexual Misconduct, Section 250 is a penalty statute that applies to all civil rights offenses, but is mostly used in conjunction with violations of 18 U.S.C. § 242, when government actors use their authority to commit sexual assault. ; 18 U.S.C. § § 2243 (b), 2244 (a)(4), Sexual Abuse of a Ward, These statutory provisions make it a crime for corrections officers or other individuals in federal facilities to knowingly engage in sexual conduct (or attempt to do so) with another person who is in official detention and under the custodial, supervisory, or disciplinary authority of the individual so engaging. Consent is not a defense. ; 18 U.S.C. § § 2243 (c), 2244 (a)(6), Sexual Abuse of Individuals in Custody, These statutory provisions make it a crime for Federal law enforcement officers to knowingly engage in sexual conduct with an individual who is under arrest, under supervision, in detention, or in Federal custody. Consent is not a defense. ; 18 U.S.C. § 245(b)(2), Federally Protected Activities, Subsection (b)(2) of § 245, which is primarily enforced by the Criminal Section of the Civil Rights Division, makes it unlawful to willfully injure, intimidate or interfere with any person --or to attempt to do so -- by force or threat of force, because of that other person's race, color, religion or national origin and because of the person has been doing one of the following: ; 18 U.S.C. § 247, Damage to Religious Real Property (sometimes called the “Church Arson Prevention Act”), Section 247 prohibits intentionally defacing, damaging or destroying religious real property because of the religious nature of the property, so long as the crime is committed in or affects interstate or foreign commerce (ICC). ; 18 U.S.C. § 249, The Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr., Hate Crimes Prevention Act, Section 249 prohibits willfully causing bodily injury, or attempting to cause bodily injury with a dangerous weapon, when the crime was committed because of ; 42 U.S.C. § 3631, Criminal Interference with Right to Fair Housing, Section 3631 makes it unlawful for an individual to use force or threaten to use force to injure, intimidate, or interfere with, or attempt to injure, intimidate, or interfere with, any person's housing rights because of that person's race, color, religion, sex, handicap, familial status or national origin. ; 18 U.S.C. § 248, FACE, Section 248 makes it unlawful for a person to use force, the threat of force, or physical obstruction to intentionally injure or intimidate a person because he or she is or has been obtaining or providing reproductive health services. ; 18 U.S.C. § 1589, Forced Labor, Section 1589 makes it unlawful to knowingly provide or obtain the labor or services of a person through one of the following prohibited means: ; 18 U.S.C. § 1590, Trafficking with respect to peonage, slavery, involuntary servitude, or forced labor, Section 1590 makes it a crime to recruit, harbor, transport, provide or obtain a person by any means for labor or services in violation of Chapter 77 of U.S. Code Title 18 (covering crimes of peonage, slavery and trafficking in persons.) ; 18 U.S.C. § 1591, Sex Trafficking of Children or by Force, Fraud, or Coercion, Section 1591 criminalizes sex trafficking of children or of anyone by force fraud or coercion, in or affecting interstate commerce or within the special maritime or territorial jurisdiction of the United State. ; 18 U.S.C. § 1581, Peonage, Section 1581 prohibits holding or returning a person to a condition of peonage, or arresting a person with intent to place or return him into a condition of peonage. ; 18 U.S.C. § 1584, Involuntary Servitude, Section 1584 makes it unlawful to sell or hold a person in a condition of involuntary servitude. This requires that the victim be forced into labor by force, threats of force, restraint, or legal coercion. ; 18 U.S.C. § 1592, Unlawful Conduct with Respect to Documents, Section 1592 makes it illegal to destroy, conceal, remove, confiscate, or possess certain documents of another person in the course of a violation of or with intent to violate certain slavery and trafficking statutes, or to prevent or restrict, or attempt to prevent or restrict, the movement or travel of a current or former victim of a severe form of trafficking in persons in order to maintain the labor or services of that person. The statute applies to documents that are actual or purported passports, other immigration documents, or other government identification documents. ; 18 U.S.C. § 1593, Mandatory Restitution, This statute provides for mandatory restitution for trafficking victims in the “full amount of the victims losses” as determined by the court, and in addition to any other civil or criminal penalties. ; 18 U.S.C. § 1593A, Benefiting financially from peonage, slavery, and trafficking in persons, This statute penalizes any person who benefits financially or receives anything of value from participation in a venture which has engaged in violations of §§ 1581(a) [peonage], 1592 [unlawful conduct with respect to documents], or 1595(a), knowing or in reckless disregard of the fact that the venture has engaged in this violation. ; 18 U.S.C. § 1594(a), Attempts, This statute penalizes attempts to violate specified sections of Chapter 77, including Sections 1589 and 1591, the most commonly-charged trafficking statutes. The penalty is the same as for a completed crime. ; 18 U.S.C. § 1594(b) and (c), Conspiracy, These subsections of Section 1594 penalize conspiring to violate specified sections of the Chapter 77. ; 18 U.S.C. § 1594(d) and (e), Forfeiture, This statute requires forfeiture of property used during the commission of a trafficking crime or which constitutes proceeds of such a crime. ; 18 U.S.C. § 1596 and 18 U.S.C. § 3271, Extra-territorial jurisdiction, § 1596 gives extraterritorial jurisdiction over specified violations of Chapter 77, and over attempts and conspiracies to commit those offenses, if the alleged offender is a national or lawful permanent resident of the United States, or if the alleged offender is present in the United States. ; Related criminal statutes used to prosecute human traffickers, Multiple Statutes, In order to obtain justice against individuals involved in human trafficking, the Division makes use of a range of related criminal statutes. The Division does not prosecute these statutes in every case in which they are violated, but only where there is evidence of a victim of severe forms of trafficking in persons. Examples of related statutes commonly used to prosecute human traffickers include:
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