Myotonic muscular dystrophy (DM) has been shown to be caused by the expansion of an unstable triplet nucleotide repeat sequence located in the 3' untranslated region of a gene coding for a putative...
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to inadequate insulin secretion, resistance, or both. The cardiovascular complications of DM are the leadin...
DR severity, Defining features ; No DR, No microvascular abnormalities ; Mild NPDR, Microaneurysms only ; Moderate NPDR, Microaneurysms and other signs (dot and blot hemorrhages, hard exudates, cotton wool spots), but not severe NPDR
Single gene mutations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a form of diabetes mellitus (DM) known as the maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). However, there are diverse opinions on t...
ABSTRACT Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has been considered rare in the pediatric population. However, over the last decade, there has been a disturbing upswing in the rate of diagnosis of type 2 DM...
Eicosanoids ; As discussed above, ROS initiate lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes, releasing arachidonic acid, the main substrate for the production of prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes (Figure 18.2, lower panel). These derivatives of arachidonic acid are collectively known as the eicosanoids and play a major role in the pathophysiology of IRI. Prostaglandins, synthesised from arachidonic acid via the cyclo-oxygenase pathway, have a protective vasodilatory effect in IRI. However, since prostaglandins are short-lived molecules, ...
The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is varied and complex. However, the association of DM with obesity and inactivity indicates an important, and potentially pathogenic, link betwe...
상기도 개존성을 유지하는 힘의 균형(Balance of forces maintaining upper airway patency) Remmers 등은 폐쇄성... control of upper airway muscles), 상기도 확장근의 피로도(fatigue of upper airway muscles), 비인강의 충혈...
An increased incidence of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is expected worldwide. Eventually, T1DM is fatal unless treated with insulin. The expansion of interventions to prevent diabetes and the us...
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous condition. The individualization of care and treatment necessitates an understanding of the individual patient's pathophysiology...