CONTENTS Rapid Reference 🚀 Preamble & disclaimer Diagnosis Alcohol withdrawal vs. hepatic encephalopathy Therapeutic target (CIWA vs RASS) Treatment: Phenobarbital monotherapy Phenobarbital pharma...
Tramadol is a synthetic opioid. Unlike other synthetic opioids you may have heard about, like fentanyl, tramadol is far weaker than a traditional opioid. Its effects are mild enough that doctors often consider it a safer alternative to other opioid painkillers.1 · But in recent years, many reports of tramadol-related emergency room visits have been reported. More and more doctors are reporting tramadol-dependent patients. And the list of potential tramadol withdrawal symptoms has continued to grow. ...
Phenobarbital is uniformly effective (phenobarbital-refractory alcohol withdrawal doesn’t seem to exist, although under-dosing of phenobarbital certainly does exist). Patients without other ICU issues can be loaded incrementally with phenobarbital over a couple days and then discharged to the ward. There is no need to keep patients in the ICU for week-long benzodiazepine infusions. The phenomenon of propylene glycol intoxication due to large-volume benzodiazepine administration has quietly disappeared.1 ...
Over the past year, the five papers below were published regarding the use of phenobarbital in alcohol withdrawal. These studies aren’t massive, glittering multicenter RCTs (and, realistically, it’s dubious whether such a study will happen). However, these papers bring some unique and interesting perspectives to the table. This post will summarize them briefly – a bit like a sampler flight of beers (figure above). This is a retrospective cohort study at Saint Thomas West Hospital in Nashville comparing patients treated with CIWA-triggered ...
Alcohol withdrawal produces changes in excitability, population discharge probability, and seizure threshold
Relapse vulnerability is a challenge for the treatment of EtOH addiction. EtOH withdrawal symptoms create motivational states that lead to compulsive EtOH drinking and relapse even after...
Long-Term Withdrawal in Adolescent Female Rats Letícia... following withdrawal periods after binge drinking in... 3 days-on/4 days-off)from 35 th to 58 th days old, withdrawal checkpoints...
Importantly, GLT-1 expression was restored following CEF treatment. These findings... produces withdrawal signs upon cessation to EtOH exposure (Abulseoud et al., 2014; Das et al., 2016)...
Ethanol (EtOH) withdrawal is characterized by a hyperexcitable state that includes anxiety, tremor, muscle rigidity and seizures. The present three experiments examined the effects of EtOH dependen...
Temporal analysis of CB1R and CB2R immunoreactivity was performed in 3 different occasions: (i) at the end of chronic EtOH treatment, (ii) on the fifth day of EtOH withdrawal, and (iii)...