While the one-time pad is used as an example of an information-theoretically secure cryptosystem, this security only holds under security definitions weaker than CPA security. This is...
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If you’re majoring in accounting or exploring accounting careers, you’ve probably been told that you need to become a CPA. But what is a CPA? · To help you better understand what it can do for you and how to become one, we’re sharing some quick answers to the questions you have plus additional resources to help you take a deeper dive into the topics that interest you most. A CPA is a Certified Public Accountant - someone licensed by the state to practice public accounting. To earn this license, you'll need to meet your state's education ...
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Is semantic security equivalent to IND-CPA? If a PKE scheme like ElGamal is semantically secure, can we say it is IND-CPA? What's the relationship between semantic security and IND-CPA?
The attack shows that the traditional formulation of IND-CPA security (or indistinguishability against chosen plaintext attacks) achieved by CKKS does not adequately capture security...
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A recent security model for fully homomorphic encryption (FHE), called IND-CPA^D security and introduced by Li and Micciancio [Eurocrypt'21], strengthens IND-CPA security by giving the attacker acc...
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